System-agnostic AV safety benchmark. Any stack that produces trajectory logs in the JSONL contract can be scored; the simulator here is just one producer.
| Rank | Planner | Composite | cut_in | ped_occluded | weather_ramp | hard_brake | Collisions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cautious_idm |
74.17 | 88.66 | 24.75 | 99.55 | 83.73 | 11 |
| 2 | idm |
64.88 | 82.91 | 14.91 | 95.99 | 65.71 | 14 |
| 3 | constant_velocity |
12.50 | 36.44 | 12.86 | 0.00 | 0.71 | 52 |
| Planner | Family | Score | N | Collisions | Worst scenario |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
cautious_idm |
cut_in | 88.66 | 16 | 0 | core-cutin-0010 |
cautious_idm |
ped_occluded | 24.75 | 16 | 11 | core-ped-0001 |
cautious_idm |
weather_ramp | 99.55 | 14 | 0 | core-weather-0008 |
cautious_idm |
hard_brake | 83.73 | 14 | 0 | core-hardbrake-0007 |
idm |
cut_in | 82.91 | 16 | 0 | core-cutin-0004 |
idm |
ped_occluded | 14.91 | 16 | 14 | core-ped-0001 |
idm |
weather_ramp | 95.99 | 14 | 0 | core-weather-0011 |
idm |
hard_brake | 65.71 | 14 | 0 | core-hardbrake-0007 |
constant_velocity |
cut_in | 36.44 | 16 | 10 | core-cutin-0001 |
constant_velocity |
ped_occluded | 12.86 | 16 | 14 | core-ped-0001 |
constant_velocity |
weather_ramp | 0.00 | 14 | 14 | core-weather-0001 |
constant_velocity |
hard_brake | 0.71 | 14 | 14 | core-hardbrake-0001 |
core-cutin-0010 score 82.03 near_miss
core-cutin-0001 score 0.00 critical
core-cutin-0004 score 67.13 near_miss
core-ped-0001 score 10.00 critical
core-ped-0001 score 10.00 critical
core-ped-0001 score 10.00 critical
core-weather-0008 score 98.21 nominal
core-weather-0001 score 0.00 critical
core-weather-0011 score 94.10 nominal
core-hardbrake-0007 score 70.58 near_miss
core-hardbrake-0001 score 0.00 critical
core-hardbrake-0007 score 55.94 near_miss
| Artifact | Kind | Standard | Clause | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Time-to-Collision (minimum)ttc_min_s |
metric | ISO 21448:2022 (SOTIF) | Clause 7; Annex C.2 | Surrogate indicator for evaluation of known hazardous scenarios. |
| UL 4600:2023 | Section 8 (Risk Assessment), 16 (Metrics & SPIs) | Candidate safety performance indicator (SPI) with defined threshold. | ||
| EU AI Act (Reg. 2024/1689) | Art. 9 (risk management), Art. 15 (accuracy & robustness) | Quantitative evidence usable in a risk-management file. | ||
Post-Encroachment Time (minimum)pet_min_s |
metric | ISO 21448:2022 (SOTIF) | Annex C.2 | Complementary surrogate for conflict severity in shared conflict zones. |
| UL 4600:2023 | Section 16 (Metrics & SPIs) | Candidate SPI for spatiotemporal separation analysis. | ||
Minimum distance margind_min_m |
metric | ISO 21448:2022 (SOTIF) | Clause 7.4; Annex C | Direct measure of geometric safety margin under known scenarios. |
| UL 4600:2023 | Section 8, 16 | Distance-margin SPI usable as an acceptance-criterion input. | ||
Collision flag and delta-v severitycollision |
metric | ISO 26262-3:2018 | Clause 6 (HARA) | Severity input dimension for hazard analysis and risk assessment. No ASIL is derived here. |
| ISO 21448:2022 (SOTIF) | Clause 6; Annex F | Terminal outcome metric for scenario evaluation. | ||
| UL 4600:2023 | Section 8, 17 (Software & System Engineering) | Loss-event and severity classification input. | ||
Hard-braking / intervention proxyhard_brake_fraction |
metric | UL 4600:2023 | Section 16 (Metrics & SPIs) | Operator-comfort and intervention SPI; -4 m/s^2 threshold from naturalistic-driving literature. |
| EU AI Act (Reg. 2024/1689) | Art. 15 (robustness) | Behavior-quality indicator informing robustness reporting. | ||
Aggressive cut-in scenario familycut_in |
family | ISO 21448:2022 (SOTIF) | Clause 7.2; Annex F | Known potentially hazardous scenario class; parameterized coverage. |
| ISO 26262-3:2018 | Clause 6 (HARA inputs) | Situation catalog input to hazard analysis. No ASIL is derived here. | ||
| UL 4600:2023 | Section 8 (Risk Assessment) | Operational-scenario coverage evidence. | ||
Occluded pedestrian emergence scenario familyped_occluded |
family | ISO 21448:2022 (SOTIF) | Clauses 6 & 7; Annex F | Vulnerable-road-user hazard class; occlusion is a canonical SOTIF trigger. |
| UL 4600:2023 | Section 8, 17 | Scenario-based assessment for pedestrian conflict. | ||
| EU AI Act (Reg. 2024/1689) | Annex III (high-risk uses); Art. 9 | Risk-management evidence for road safety-critical operation. | ||
ODD weather-degradation ramp scenario familyweather_ramp |
family | ISO 21448:2022 (SOTIF) | Clause 6 (ODD/triggering conditions) | Explicit ODD-boundary and triggering-condition coverage. |
| UL 4600:2023 | Section 8 (Risk Assessment) | ODD-boundary evaluation informing autonomy assumptions. | ||
| EU AI Act (Reg. 2024/1689) | Art. 10 (data governance), Art. 15 | Robustness evaluation under environmental degradation. | ||
Lead-vehicle hard-brake scenario familyhard_brake |
family | ISO 26262-4:2018 | Clause 6 (System-level validation inputs) | Longitudinal-conflict validation input. No ASIL is derived here. |
| ISO 21448:2022 (SOTIF) | Clause 7; Annex F | Known hazardous scenario class with parameter sweep. | ||
| UL 4600:2023 | Section 8, 16 | Longitudinal safety-envelope evaluation. |
||p_a p_e|| (r_ego + r_a).d_a 0; delta-v uses a perfectly-plastic
closing-speed model delta_v = (m_a / (m_e + m_a)) ||v_e v_a||.r = p_a p_e,
v_rel = v_a v_e, c = (r v_rel)/||r||,
TTC = d_a / c when c > 0.1 m/s.accel_cmd -4.0 m/s.